Clear your concepts with 4A0-220 Questions Before Attempting Real exam
Get professional help from our 4A0-220 Dumps PDF
The Nokia 4A0-220 exam covers a wide range of topics related to GMPLS-controlled optical networks, including the architecture and components of these networks, the different types of optical channels and their characteristics, and the various protocols used to manage and control optical networks. 4A0-220 exam also covers topics such as network planning, design, and optimization, as well as troubleshooting and maintenance.
Nokia 4A0-220 certification exam is designed to test the candidate's proficiency in Nokia's GMPLS-controlled optical networks. 4A0-220 exam is aimed at network professionals who are responsible for designing, implementing, and managing optical networks using Nokia equipment. 4A0-220 exam covers a wide range of topics, including the architecture and components of optical networks, the principles of GMPLS technology, and the configuration and management of network elements.
Nokia 4A0-220 certification exam is designed to test the skills and knowledge of IT professionals who are experts in Nokia GMPLS-controlled optical networks. Nokia GMPLS-Controlled Optical Networks certification exam validates the skills required to deploy, configure, and manage GMPLS-controlled optical networks in telecommunications networks. Candidates who pass 4A0-220 exam prove their expertise in using Nokia’s optical network equipment and software.
NEW QUESTION # 16
What does an SNC state of lower case "n" mean for a resource in NFM-T?
- A. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level
- B. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
- C. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
- D. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state is a parameter that indicates the status of a resource in a GMPLS network. A resource can be a link, a wavelength, a timeslot, or a fiber. The SNC state can have different values, such as N, n, P, p, R, r, and so on. Each value has a specific meaning and implication for the resource and the LSP that uses it. The SNC state of lower case "n" means that the resource is the nominal resource on a TE-link that is notin use. A nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. A TE-link is a logical link that represents a set of resources that share the same attributes and constraints. A TE-link can have multiple resources, such as wavelengths or timeslots, but only one of them can be the nominal resource.
If an LSP is using a resource other than the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has been rerouted or switched due to a failure or a constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the nominal resource will be "n", indicating that it is not in use by any LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 17
What category of protocols is used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP?
- A. Link management protocols
- B. Link aggregation protocols
- C. Coloring protocols
- D. Signaling protocols
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Signaling protocols are protocols that are used by the ingress router to set up a new LSP in an MPLS network.
Signaling protocols are responsible for requesting, allocating, and releasing resources along the LSP, as well as establishing and maintaining the label bindings between the nodes. Some examples of signaling protocols are RSVP-TE, LDP, and CR-LDP34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: MPLS Configuration Guide for Cisco NCS 5500 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.1.x - Implementing MPLS Label Distribution Protocol [Cisco IOS XR Software (End-of-Sale)] - Cisco
NEW QUESTION # 18
What is the definition of Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)?
- A. It is the 5FP algorithm applied after pruning links that do not meet the specified constraints.
- B. It is the SPF algorithm applied for low latency LSPs.
- C. It is a combination between OSPF-TE and RSVP-TE.
- D. It is the SPF algorithm applied to low bandwidth LSPs.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) is an extension of the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm that is used to find the best path for a Label Switched Path (LSP) in a GMPLS network. CSPF takes into account additional constraints such as bandwidth, latency, priority, or node or link inclusion or exclusion. CSPF works by pruning those links that do not meet the specified constraints and then applying the SPF algorithm to the remaining links. This way, CSPF can find a path that satisfies both the shortest distance and the constraints. References : Constrained Shortest Path First - Wikipedia, Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) - Metaswitch
NEW QUESTION # 19
What is the purpose of preemption when establishing an LSP?
- A. To tear down an existing LSP in order to accommodate higher priority traffic
- B. To pick the next hop during LSP signalling
- C. To measure the end-to-end latency
- D. To assign the correct wavelengths depending on the type of traffic
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Preemption is a mechanism that allows a higher priority LSP to tear down an existing lower priority LSP in order to obtain the required resources for its establishment. Preemption can occur when there is not enough bandwidth or other resources available on a link or node to accommodate a new LSP request. In this case, the node can select one or more lower priority LSPs that are using the resources and send them a PathErr message with a Preempt error code. This causes the lower priority LSPs to beterminated and release their resources. The node can then allocate the resources to the higher priority LSP and send a Resv message to confirm its reservation34. References:
* 3: RFC 4829: Label Switched Path (LSP) Preemption Policies for MPLS Traffic Engineering4
* 4: MPLS Applications User Guide | Juniper Networks5
NEW QUESTION # 20
What is a Nominal Route in a GMPLS network?
- A. The best possible path at the moment
- B. The nominal power path
- C. The optimal path that meets TE constraints
- D. The least cost path according to the routing protocol
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A Nominal Route in a GMPLS network is the optimal path that meets the Traffic Engineering (TE) constraints for a given LSP request. A Nominal Route is calculated by the NFM-T using the Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm, which takes into account parameters such as bandwidth, latency, priority, protection type, and other QoS attributes. A Nominal Route is stored in the NFM-T database and can be used to provision LSPs over the network. A Nominal Route can differ from the Current Route, which is the actual path that the LSP is taking at a given time, due to network changes or failures. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Nokia Advanced Optical Network Management with NFM-T Course | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 21
What is the purpose of the Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE?
- A. It indicates the LSP flow direction.
- B. It allows for a label to be suggested to provision bidirectional LSPs.
- C. It allows a node to restrict the labels that may be used downstream.
- D. It signals resource reservation information to upstream nodes.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Upstream Label Object in RSVP-TE is an optional object that allows a node to suggest a label to its upstream neighbor for the purpose of provisioning bidirectional LSPs. The upstream label object is carried in the Resv message and contains the label value that the node wants to use for receiving traffic from its upstream neighbor. The upstream neighbor can accept or reject the suggested label based on its local policy and resource availability. The upstream label object simplifies the label allocation process for bidirectional LSPs and avoids the need for additional signaling messages. References : RSVP-TE - Hewlett Packard Enterprise, RSVP - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 22
What does the SNC state with an uppercase "N" mean in a resource in NFM-T?
- A. Indicates if s a higher alarm state level
- B. Indicates it's using a link other than the Nominal
- C. Indicates it's currently using the Nominal resource assigned to it
- D. Indicates the nominal resource on a TE-link that is not in use
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC state with an uppercase "N" means that the resource is currently using the nominal resource assigned to it. As explained in the previous question, a nominal resource is the default or preferred resource that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. If an LSP is using the nominal resource on a TE-link, it means that the LSP has not been rerouted or switched due to any failure or constraint violation. In this case, the SNC state of the resource will be "N", indicating that it is in use by an LSP12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 23
What is the Commissioning File in GMRE nodes?
- A. A control checklist for the operator
- B. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible
- C. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
- D. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Commissioning File in GMRE nodes is a file with target values that determine whether a given LSP is possible. The Commissioning File contains parameters such as power, OSNR, Q-factor, and dispersion that are used to evaluate the feasibility of an LSP request. The Commissioning File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and optical impairments. The Commissioning File is uploaded to each GMRE node and is used by the CSPF algorithm to find a suitable path for the LSP. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, Network Planning Application (NPA) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 24
How do you add a 3R resource to the NPA in NFM-T?
- A. The 3R is added in the Node panel and automatically added to the NPA
- B. The resource is discovered automatically
- C. The 3R is added to the NPA through the Constraint Wizard
- D. The trail is provisioned with 3R constraints and discovered automatically
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The 3R resource is a type of optical regeneration resource that can be used to extend the reach of optical signals in a GMPLS-controlled optical network. The 3R resource performs three functions: reshaping, retiming, and reamplifying the optical signal. The 3R resource can be added to the Network Planning Application (NPA) in the Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport (NFM-T) through the Constraint Wizard. The Constraint Wizard is a tool that allows the user to define various constraints and parameters for the network design, such as optical impairments, wavelength availability, protection schemes, and regeneration resources. The user can select the 3R resource from the list of available resources and specify its location, capacity, and cost. The NPA then uses this information to perform feasibility checks and path computation for the LSP requests12. References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 25
How is the GMRE functionality guaranteed in Nokia equipment?
- A. Controller redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality
- B. Redundant LAN cables guarantee GMRE functionality
- C. The specific software configuration guarantees GMRE functionality
- D. Rack redundancy guarantees GMRE functionality in case of a power outage
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The GMRE functionality is guaranteed in Nokia equipment by controller redundancy. The controller is the hardware component that runs the GMPLS software and controls the switching fabric of the node. Each node has two controllers, one active and one standby, that synchronize their states and databases. If the active controller fails, the standby controller takes over and ensures the continuity of the GMRE functionality. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 1830 Photonic Service Switch (PSS) | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 26
When should two physical connections belong to the same SRG?
- A. When they are both selected during the setup process
- B. When they are fully disjoint respective to the risk of failure
- C. When they share the same risk of failure
- D. When one is the protection of the other
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
A Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) is a set of links sharing a common resource, which affects all links in the set if the common resource fails5. These links share the same risk of failure and are therefore considered to belong to the same SRLG. For example, links sharing a common fiber are said to be in the same SRLG because a fault with the fiber might cause all links in the group to fail. SRLGs are used in MPLS and GMPLS networks to provide traffic engineering and protection/restoration mechanisms. When computing the secondary path for an LSP, it is preferable to find a path such that the secondary and primary paths do not have any links in common in case the SRLGs for the primary and secondary paths are disjoint6. This ensures that a single point of failure on a particular link does not bring down both the primary and secondary paths in the LSP. References:
* 5: Shared risk resource group - Wikipedia
* 6: Shared Risk Link Groups for MPLS | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
NEW QUESTION # 27
What is the Feasibility File in GMRE nodes?
- A. A control checklist for the operator
- B. A file of optical impairment parameters for power balance
- C. A file with commissioned GMRE nodes for NPA implementation
- D. A file with target values that determine whether a given LSP can be routed
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Feasibility File is a file that contains a set of target values for various optical impairment parameters, such as OSNR, CD, PMD, and PDL, that are used to determine whether a given LSP can be routed through the GMRE network. The Feasibility File is generated by the Network Planning Application (NPA) based on the network design and the service requirements. The Feasibility File is then loaded into the GMRE nodes and used by the GMPLS routing engine to perform feasibility checks for LSP requests. The Feasibility File ensures that the LSPs are routed in accordance with the network plan and the optical performance criteria12.
References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which of the following statements best describes a distributed control plane for GMPLS?
- A. Each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric.
- B. The network is managed by more than one network management system.
- C. The control plane is active in some network nodes and not in others.
- D. The network manager controls all the routing for the network.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A distributed control plane for GMPLS means that each router has software to run the GMPLS protocols and can modify the node's switching fabric. This allows the routers to communicate with each other and establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) across the network without relying on a centralized controller or network manager. A distributed control plane can improve the scalability, reliability, and efficiency of the network. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 29
How can you modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T?
- A. By using the Constraint Wizard to modify the constraints
- B. By changing the SRG constraints
- C. By putting the LSP in Test mode and moving traffic
- D. By using the Reroute Wizard to modify the constraints
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The SNC Nominal Route is the default or preferred route that is assigned to an LSP when it is created. The SNC Nominal Route is determined by the constraints that are specified by the user during the LSP creation process, such as cost, SRLG, color, bandwidth, protection, and regeneration. The user can modify the SNC Nominal Route in NFM-T by using the Constraint Wizard, which is a tool that allows the user to change the constraints for an existing LSP. The Constraint Wizard will then compute a new SNC Nominal Route based on the modified constraints and update the LSP accordingly34. References:
* 3: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 4: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 30
Which of the following statements about the Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is correct?
- A. When WSR is false, if the failed optical channel can be restored at LO, the data traffic stays in the tunnel.
- B. When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching.
- C. When WSR is true, the LO optical channel remains in the link until the failure is fixed.
- D. When WSR is true, the LO channels do not wait for the LI services to restore.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The Wait for Server Restoration (WSR) parameter in the MRN is a boolean parameter that determines whether an LI service should wait for the LO restoration or not in case of a failure.When WSR is false, the LI services do not wait for the LO restoration and restore through LI switching. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will switch to another available optical channel at LI layer without waiting for the LO layer to restore the failed channel. This option provides faster restoration time for LI services, but may result in suboptimal resource utilization at LO layer. When WSR is true, the LI services wait for the LO restoration and do not switch at LI layer. This means that if an LO optical channel fails, the LI services that use that channel will remain in that channel until the LO layer restores it or until a timeout occurs.
This option provides optimal resource utilization at LO layer, but may result in longer restoration time for LI services. References : Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia, 3. GMPLS - Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 31
Which of the following best describes the Shutting Down state in the NFM-T?
- A. A soft maintenance state where new traffic is allowed for restoration
- B. An automatic shut down of all LSPs in the TE-link
- C. It is the same as the administrative maintenance state. No new traffic can be routed over the TE-Unk
- D. A transient state where current SNCs are soft-rerouted
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Shutting Down state is a transient state that occurs when a TE-link is set to maintenance mode in the NFM-T. In this state, the TE-link is not available for routing new LSPs, but the existing LSPs (SNCs) that use the TE-link are not immediately terminated. Instead, they are soft-rerouted, which means that they are gracefully switched to alternative paths without disrupting the traffic. The Shutting Down state lasts until all the SNCs on the TE-link are successfully soft-rerouted or forcefully terminated. After that, the TE-link transitions to the Administrative Maintenance state, where no traffic can be routed over the TE-link12.
References:
* 1: Nokia GMPLS-controlled Optical Networks Course | Nokia
* 2: Nokia Network Functions Manager for Transport User Guide | Nokia
NEW QUESTION # 32
......
Achieve the 4A0-220 Exam Best Results with Help from Nokia Certified Experts: https://braindump2go.examdumpsvce.com/4A0-220-valid-exam-dumps.html
